Calculating machine



Dec. 15, 1936. e. c. CHASE CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheetl UUUUEHJ DUDE! H EIEI DUEIEI UUEIEIEID ULILIULILH'JLI m w a m l Q Cm n H 6 n 03 m w m G N G. C. CHASE CALCULATING MACHINE Dec. 15, 1936.

Filed Jan. 23, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR G 0P9 e C fiase L/M'ILORNEY LG 5 &

Dec. 15, 1936.

G. C. CHASE CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 vfl r IJUIZIULIULJULIU nuuunnnm unnuuu DDUEI & U [I ma H (a DD nnuu nnuuun nnnnnnnn INVENTOR org e (T f 77a 52. M .ATTORNEY j Patented Dec. 15, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CALGULATIN G MACHINE George Clinton Chase, South Orange, N. J., as-

signor to Monroe Calculating Machine Company, Orange, N. J., a corporation of Delaware 0 Application January 23, 1935, Serial No. 3,091 21 Claims. (01. 235-75) The invention relates to calculating machines and is based on a newly discoveredmathematical principle, which may be termed inverted registration, being a form of complemental registration.

Complemental registration, as it has previously been performed, is illustrated for example, in U. S. Patent 1,011,617, issued to Christel Hamann, his invention being embodied in the well known Mercedes calculating. machine. In

the Hamann system, negative registrations (subtraction and division) are made by adding the complement of the value which has been set up in the selecting mechanism, and eflecting the tens transfer in a normal manner. The digital complement, or difference between the true digit and ten, is set up in the units column, and the codigits, or difference between the true digits (including 0) and nine, are set up in the higher columns, to the capacity of the machine. The entire setting gives the aggregate complement, or the difference between the entire true value and the next higher power of ten. Thus 77776666= A modified system of complemental registration is shown in the co-pending application to Stuart Hilder Serial No. filed of even date herewith. This method may be termed the Enberg system in view of the fact that its basic principles were proposed in U. S. Patent 1,341,049, issued to J. C. Enberg.

According to the Enberg system, a digit is installed in the setting mechanism by setting up the digital -complement thereof, and by installing 10 as 1 in the next higher order, +9 being registered as +10-1, and 9 as -10+1, etc. Here again, the tens transfer is accomplished in the usual manner.

In the Enberg patent and the Hilder application a naught is treated normally, 1. e., not registered, but by the Enberg system naught could be registered complementally, as 10 minus the digital complement of naught, which is 10 taken as a digit.

The Enberg system has the advantage that if naught is treated normally, the co-digital nines oi the Hamann system are not set up and registered to represent 0 in those columns of the machine where no true value (1 to 9) is set.

No previously known system provides means whereby the mere setting of the digital complement in eachyorder of the 'machine, either manually or automatically, and the turning ofthat set up value into totalizer wheels, may register a correct total or remainder.

The system of inverted registration, set forth in the present application, provides for this. Basically, its novelty resides in what may be termed inversion of the tens transfer action, wherein a transfer will occur only in registra- 10 tions in which the lower order wheel does not pass from .9 'to 0 or 0 to 9 or in other words, through 9 The eiTect of this arrangement may best be,

understood by comparison with a registration according to the Enberg system:

EXAMPLE I 267=19 Enberg 1 9 no tens transfer Inverted tens transfer supplies --1 30 EXAMPLE II 266=20 Enberg 2 0 Inverted 2 0 no tens transfer tens transfer 1 counteracted transfer must be cancelled out or eliminated.

Thus, if the tens transfer action is inverted, to act when it normally should not, and not act when it normally should, the registration of ten in thehigher column will occur only when needed and the registrations of minus ten and plus ten which cancel one another will be avoided. As noted above an inverted subtractive tens transfer should always be minus, like a normal subtractive tens transfer, irrespective of the direction of rotation the lower order wheel. Conversely in addititin the tens transfer should always be plus.

Comparing the operation of this system with the example above given in connection withthe Hamann system, it will be seen that 7777-6666 is computed thus:

Theoretically, fully inverted registration would include the registration of as 10, the being registered as a digit in the lower order column. However, if'ten is registered as a digit, the totalizer wheel will make one complete revolution and in so doing, must necessarily pass from 9 to 0 or from 0 to 9, setting the tens transfer, according to the law of inversion, for no transfer. Thus since the wheel comes to rest displaying. the same figure as previously, and its movement has resulted in no tens transfer,

the result would have been exactly the same if 4 the action of the machine had not been inverted in such columns as indicate naught. In practice, therefore, means have been devised which localize the inversion control to the columns in which the digits l to 9 have been set up for complemental registration.

Thus, in practice, the digits may be registered.

complementally as follows:

in Figs. 11 to 14 of the drawings, is modified to give a corresponding effect by the semi-inversion of additive and subtractivecalculations.

The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of parts as set forth in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating the invention:

Fig. 1 is a right hand side elevation, with parts broken away and shown in section, of a calculating machine embodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a projection of one of the actuator cylinders.

Fig. 3 is a detail view, partly in section of the transmission gearing for driving a numeral wheel.

Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the machine with parts broken away.

Figs. 5,6 and 7 are detail sectional views showing the differential actuator and tens transfer mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a detail plan view of the tens transfer setting mechanism.

Fig. 9 is a projection of one of the actuator cylinders used in a modified form of the invention.

Fig. 10 is a detail face view of the means controlling inversion of the tens transfer in the form of, the invention illustrated in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a view, similar to Fig. 1, of a further modification of the invention, designed to effect semi-inversion.

Fig. 12 is 'a projection of a pair of actuator cylinders used in the modification of Fig. 11.

Figs. 13 and 14 are detail views of the driving gearing for the pair of cylinders.

For the sake of simplicity, the invention is herein shown as applied to a calculating machine of the well known Thomas type, as illustrated, for example in the British patent to Samuel Tate No. 27,364 of 1903. Obviously, the

invention might be readily applied to machines of totally different construction.

inverted registration of digits 1 to 9 In the drawings the numeral l0 designates an actuator cylinder (Figs. 1, 2, 4 and ,5) slidably mounted to rotate with a shaft H and provided with gear teeth l2 forming in effect a series of mutilated gears of varying numbers of teeth, one series presenting l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, I, 8, and 9 teeth successively at points extending from front to rear of the cylinder. At points intermediate of this series, the cylinder presents a series of 9, 8, I, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, l teeth progressively, from front to rear of the cylinder. An actuator pinion l3 rotatably fixed to and slidable upon a shaft II is adapted to be brought into mesh with cylinder by means of a slide l5, extending up through the cover plate and provided with a button l5.

' The parts above described are duplicated in each column of the machine, and motion is transmitted to the series of shafts ll through a drive shaft l1 and bevelgearing l8.

Each shaft H has bevel gear connection 33 with a numeral wheel i9, seen in plan view in Fig. '8. Each slide I5 is provided with a locater click 20 cooperating with a series of notches in the bottom surface of the cover plate to locate the pinion I3 in any one of ten adjusted positions, corre spending to a registration of 0, I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, I, 8 and 9, as the button I3 is drawn toward the front of the machine. With the cylinder H) in the position shown in Fig. l, adjustment of slide l5 along this series of notches will bring said pinion to position to be acted upon by I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, I, 8 and 9 teeth l2, respectively, this providing for a normal registration. for use in additive operations.

As a numeral wheel registration passes from 9 to II, I 9 will be registered on the next higher numeral wheel I9 by the action of a tooth 2I of the lower order wheel acting upon'levers 22 and 23 in a manner hereinafter more fully described, lever 23 acting to slide a tooth24"rearwardly upon the shaft II of thehigher order'wheel' The hub of tooth 24 rotates with the shaft I I and after the teeth I2 of cylinder I 0 have completed their action, this tooth 24 will-pass throu h the teeth of a pinion 25, fixed upon-a sleeve 30 (Fig. 3)

which is freely rotatable upon shaft I4 and is provided at its other end with a pinion 3I, which in turn meshes with a two part gear, 32v to drive the bevel gearing 33 throughone or'the other of pinions 34 or 35, thereby giving a step of movement forwardly or reversely to the higher order wheel I9. Pinion 34 and its bevel gear are fixed upon shaft I 4, while pinion 35 and its bevel gear are freely rotatable upon said-shaft, as shown in Fig. 3. The cylinders I0 and the teeth 24 on the series of shafts II are mounted in varying angular positions, so that the teeth 24 will act successively from right to left of the machine, in

well known manner.

In subtraction,'the registration is inverted as follows:

A change lever 26 is fulcrumed in the frame of the machine at 21, being fixed to a shaft running across the machine and provided at its other end with an arm (not shown) between. which arm and the lever 26 a rod 28 is secured. Rod 28 engages between the flanges of a series of channeled members 29 secured upon the cylinders I0, so that as lever 26 is adjusted by the operator into subtraction position, the cylinders II) will be moved a half step forwardly, that is to say to a position wherein the second series of teeth I2 will be engaged by the pinion I3 upon adjustment of the button I6. Therefore, when button I6 is moved along the series of notches 0, I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, I, 8, 9, pinion I3 will be moved from its normal position, in rear of cylinder I0; into position to be engaged by 9, 9, I, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, I teeth respectively, thus setting up the digital complement of the value selected.

Shafts I1 and I I turn always in the same direction, both the normally registered addition and the complementally registered subtraction being additive operations. However, the tens transfer is reversed in subtraction, so that it effects a reverse rotation of the higher order numeral wheel, and to effect this, the lever 26 is provided with an extension 36, which through an intermediate lever 37 operatesan arm 38 to rock a shaft 39, extending across the machine beneath the gears 32. Shaft 39 is provided with fingers 40, extending through openings in a sliding plate 4| which plate is located between the tooth portions of the two,

is effected by means of check springs 52 operating between the teeth of star wheels 53, fixed upon shafts I4, this action being in accordance with the disclosure of U. S. Patent 1,208,366, issued to E. E. Phinney on December 12, 1916. It may be noted that in subtractive operations, during the.

tens transfer action through pinion 35, the bevel gear 33 which is fixed upon shaft I4 is rotated reversely, through the bevel gear of the numeral wheel, thereby moving the star wheel 53, against the tension of spring 52, as in other registering movements.

Change lever 26 is also provided with means for inverting the tens transfer during subtractive operations. For this purpose a rod42 extends between lever 26 and the opposite arm of shaft 21, said rod passing through perforations of an inversion slide 43, and cooperating with a cam surface 44 of said slide. Slide 43 is provided at its rear end with a yoke 45 (Figs. 1 and 5) and is ;engaged along its upper surface by an anti-friction roller 46 attached to theslide I5. If slide I5 is moved from its 0 to or beyond its 1 selecting position, the roller 46 will engage a cam surface 4-I of slide 43 and move said slide downwardly about a rearward fulcrum'48, bringing the cam portion 44 against the adjusted rod 42, whereby slide 43 will be moved forwardly and pinion 25 will be moved forwardly therewith. This brings the pinion 25 into position to be engaged by the related tooth 24 when said tooth is in its normal or unadjusted position. Therefore, after a registration upon the related wheel I9, a tens transfer will occur, unless said wheel has passed from 9 to 0 registering position, in which case the setting of the finger 24 will move said finger rearwardly out of engaging position with the pinion 25, and no transfer will occur.

During subtractive operations, the tens transfer will not be inverted in columns wherein the button I6 stands in 0 position, since the antifriction roller 46 rests upon the low portion of slide 43, which slide is held in its normal registering, rearward position by spring 49. The pull of the several springs 49 upon lever 26 is resisted by a latch 50, attached to said lever and adapted to drop in front of the cover plate when lever 26 is drawn forwardly, into subtraction position. Lever 126 may also be drawn rearwardly, when unlatched by the operation of a spring 5|. Obviously, if any of the slides I5 are out of their 0 registering position .when lever 26 is moved forwardly, the slides 43, being already in depressed position, will be carried forward with the lever 26 to set the related pinions 25 into inverted transfer position.

Since in subtraction, the tens transfer rotates the numeral wheel I9 in the opposite direction from the movement imparted to the wheel by the differential actuators I0, I3, it may happen that the tens or any higher numeral wheel will be moved from 9 to 0 registering position and then reversely from 0 to 9 registering position during a single cycle of operation, as for instance in the example:

which is done as follows:

0 2 0 0 0. 9 0 0 0 0 1 first setting 0 2 0 0 9 9 -0 1 1 1 subsequent setting 24 which transfers to the hundreds wheel rear-- wardly out of the plane of pinion 25, and whereby the second movement through 9 shall return the tooth 24 into the plane of pinion 25 to effect an inverted tens transfer, such as would have occurred had the numeral wheel l9 not passed through 9% at all. r

The transfer of ten to the hundreds wheel similarly movesv that wheel reversely, so that it also passes twice through 9 /2, resulting in a similar tens transfer to the thousands wheel from which, by the same action, a'tens transfer is passed along to the ten thousands wheel. These settings are accomplished by the action of the levers 22 and 23. The normal position of these parts is that shown in Fig. 8, wherein a tooth 54 of the lever 23 engages a deep notch 55 ofthe lever 22, so that the spring 56 is allowed to hold the lower end of lever 23 and the tooth 24 in its forward or normal position. Upon movement of the wheel 19 from 9 to registering position, tooth 2| of said wheel will move counterclockwise through the segment portion 51 of lever 22 forcing the tooth 54 of lever 23 into one of the shallow notches 58 oflever 22. This notch being shallower than notch 55, the lower end of lever 23 will be held rearwardly, and transfer tooth 24 will be held in rearward non-transfer position. Upon clockwise movement of the wheel l9 from 0 to 9 registering position, finger 2| will again pass through the segment 51 and move the deep notch 55 of lever 22 opposite the tooth 54 of Y lever 23. Spring 56 will now rock lever 23 and move transfer tooth 24 into its forward transfer position.

At the end of each cycle of operation, the ten transfer parts are restored to normal position by means of cam teeth 59 (Fig. '1) mounted upon the shafts I l, which engage the fingers 68 of restoring levers 6|, loosely mounted upon the shafts l4 and provided with upward extensions engaging perforations of the levers 22, to move said levers into centralized position, with the deep notches 55 thereof opposite the teeth 54 of levers 23.

Inverted registration of 0 as '10 The above description relates to the preferred form for securing fully inverted registration, but should it be desired to provide a machine wherein 0 is registered by the registration of a digital 10, the actuator cylinder 62 the projection of which is shown in Fig. 9 would be used, in place of the cylinder, It. This cylinder is longer than the cylinder l8, and has ten teeth 63 which in the subtractive adjustment of the cylinder register with the actuator pinion l3 when said pinion is in its 0 position. When the cylinder 62 is adjusted to additive position, pinion 13, in its 0 position, will be opposite an untoothed portion of cylinder 62. Forward of this untoothed portion, cylinder 62 is precisely like cylinder l8, since the digits 1 to 9 are registered in precisely the same way. 0 is registered by giving ten impulses to the related numeral wheel 19, carrying said wheel past the 9 or transfer position, so that the transfer tooth 24 will be retracted and (the pinion 25 being in inversion position) no transfer will occur.

It will be noted that in this variation all the teeth .11of cylinder 1|.

the gear 80 is engaged with gear 82,. the effect.

tens transfer elements of the machine are adjusted for inverted registration whenever the change lever 26 is moved into subtractive position and remain so until the machine is reset for additive operation; Therefore, a series of slides 64 (Fig. are substituted for the slides 43, these slides being adjusted for inverted or for normal registration at each movement of the lever 26. All the other parts of the modified machine are the same as those previously described.

Semi-inverted registration In Figs, 11 to 14 inclusive, the invention has been applied so as to provide for a semi-inverted registration, wherein the maximum registering movements of any numeral wheel during the operative cycle will be five steps and one transfer step. Since the complemental system of registration is now applied to the digits 6 to 9, instead of being applied to the entire subtractive operation, it will be obvious that additional reversing teeth 16 of graded length, and the gear part 1! is provided with four teeth 11, also of graded length, these teeth being so arranged that movement of the actuator pinion 18 from rear to front of the machine will bring said pinion into cooperative position with I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2, l teeth progressively.

Opposed bevel gears 19, 88 are fixed upon a sleeve slidably mounted upon the squared shaft 81, upon which the actuator pinion 18 is also mounted, these bevel gears being shiftable to engage alternatively with the bevel gear82 attached to the numeral wheel 83. This shiftin movement is accomplished by means of a slidable bar 84 located between the gears 19 and 89, and adjustable by a change lever (not shown), in the pinion 18 is engaged by the teeth 16 of cylinder 18, and subtractively by the engagement of the Onthe other hand, when of the cylinder parts 19,11 upon the wheel 83 is reversed so that the teeth 16 act subtractively and the teeth 11 addltively.

Since the entire drive to the numeral wheel 83 is reversed by the adjustment of the bar 84, no special reversing means for the tens transfer is necessary, the transfer pinion85 being slidably mounted upon the squared shaft 8|.

The inversion slides 86 have cam surfaces 81 engaging with a fixed rod 88, extending across the machine, and the cam surface 89 of these slides. cooperating with the anti-friction rollers 90 of the selector slides 9I are so placed as to be contacted by the rollers 98 as the related selector buttons 92 are moved between the five and six istered by forward rotation of the related numeral wheel 83 in addition, and by reverse rotation in subtraction, the tens transfer occurring in the normal manner. Movement of the button 92' into its 6, I, 8 or 9 selecting position will act to register the complemental digit values of the cylinder section ll reversely in addition and forwardly in subtraction and will also serve to invert the tens transfer.

The tens transfer setting mechanism, the overrotation check, etc., of this form of the invention are the same as those previously described with relation to the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 8, and this, together with the general description of the operation, will fully explain the action of the parts.

Additive and subtractive inversion It may be noted that Figs. 11 to 14 disclose mechanism which is adapted not only for semiinverted registration, but also for inversion of both additive and subtractive calculations. To utilize this latter feature in connection with inversion of the digits I to 9, it would be sufficient to remove cylinder 10, to extend cylinder ll rearwardly and provide appropriate additional teeth 11, and to locate the cam surface 89 of slide 86 close to the position of roller 90, as it is shown in Fig. 1.

Operation The first described form of the invention shows inverted registration of the digits I to 9 and to 9 in subtraction only. The form of the invention described with reference to Figs. 11 to 14 shows semi-inverted registration, in which the digitst to 9 only are'inverted in both addition and subtraction. An explanation of the operation of this latter form of the invention will sufiice not only for an understanding of semi-inverted registration but will make clear the principles of inverted registration so that the operation of each form may be readily understood. Whatever distinctions there may be between the two forms will be apparent from the foregoing descriptions.

Taking the illustrative problem:

and assuming the amount 2782 to be registered in the four right hand numeral wheels 83; all of the buttons 92 to be standing at 0 and the change lever to be set for addition, holding the slide 84 in the position' shown in Fig. 11.

The righthand or units button 92 is pulled forwardly to a point on its scale indicating 8. This brings the related actuator pinion 18 into position to be meshed by two teeth of the cylinder part II, and also through the roller 90 and slide .86, moves the tens transfer pinion 85 in the next CO111II1I1 forwardly, into position to be meshed by the tens transfer tooth 24. The button 92 in the second or tens column is pulled down to a registration of 2, bringing the related actuator pinion 18 opposite .two teeth of the cylinder part 10, and leaving the related tens transfer pinion 85 out of line with the tens transfer tooth 24. In

the third column the button 92 is adjusted to the tens transfer To accomplish this registration, shaft 14 is rotated, turning all of the cylinders 10 one revolution forwardly and all cylinders 'll one revolution reversely, as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 11 and 12. In the right hand or units column, pinion 18 is engaged by two teeth 11 and 2 is subtracted, moving the units wheel 83 subtractively from 2 to 0. The transfer tooth 24 in this column, being set for inversion, will remain in the plane of pinion 85, providing for a tens transfer to the next higher wheel 83, as will be seen hereinafter. the right) the pinion i8 is opposite two teeth 16, so that 2 will be added, changing the registration of the related wheel from 8 to 0. The tens transfer in this column was set' for normal registration, the tooth 24 lying in front of and out of the plane of the pinion 85, and since the numeral wheel passed through 9 tooth 54 oflever 23 will be moved out of deep notch 55 and into the shallow notch 58 of lever 22, this movement effecting the setting of tooth 24 into the plane of pinion 85, so that a tens transfer will occur. In the third or hundreds column, 3 is added to '7, bringing the wheel to a registration of 0, and again the tens transfer is normal, resulting in a setting of the tooth 24 to active position. The fourth or thousands column was set for inversion, pinion 85 being in its forward position in line with the tooth 24. In this column, therefore, 3 being subtracted from 2 and the numeral wheel thus passing through 9% position, the transfer tooth 24 is moved rearwardly, out of line with the pinion 85 by movement of the tooth 54 out of deep notch 55 and into a shallow notch 58, so that in this.

case the setting movement of lever 23 sets the tooth24 out of position for a tens transfer to the ten thousands wheel.

Thus the movement of the actuator cylinders 10, II has resulted in setting the tens transfer members to active position to effect a registration of +1 in the tens and hundreds and also in the thousands columns as these cylinders completetheir active'movements, the teeth 24 rotating through their active positions, one after the other, from right to left of the machine.

In the successive registration of these three tens transfers, the tens and hundreds numeral wheels moved forwardly, as in the preceding normal digital registration, and consequently could not again pass through the tens transfer point 9 The thousands wheel, however, moved reversely in digitationand forwardly in the tens transfer, passing twice through 9 the second passage restoring the tens transfer tooth 24 to its nomal positionin the plane of pinion 85, whereupon it immediately imparted an inverted tens transfer to the ten thousands wheel, comprising the registration of the answer 10110.

Taking as an example of subtraction, the prob lem the value 10110 being registered on the numeral wheels 83, as by the previous example, and 7328.

being set on the buttons l6, also as in the pre- In the tens order (second column from vious example, the charge lever is moved to subtracting position, shifting the gears 19, 80 so that the gear 80 meshes with gear 82. This will reverse the sign character of the digits set on the buttons IE, but will not change the settings for normal or for inverted registration in the various columns. The calculation-will be made as follows:

+33-2+2 set up 11-1 -1 tens transfer Here in the first column, 2 isadded, and the tens transfer being inverted and the wheel not passing through the 9 position, transfer tooth 24 will pass through the teeth of pinion 25, registering 1 subtractively in the second column. The second column is set for normal registration and, 2 being subtracted from 1, the registration will pass through 0 to 9, and the transfer mechanism will be-set to subtract 1 in the third column. The same condition exists in the third column, where 3 is subtracted from 1, setting a subtractive transfer in the fourth column. The

, fourth column is set for inversion and 3 is added to 0, the tens transfer tooth 24 remaining undisturbed in its forward position and registering 1 subtractively in the fifth column.

Multiplication is performedby the registration of repeated additions, and division by the regise tration of repeated subtractions, all in the well known manner.

I claim:

1. In a multiple unit totalizing register, tens transfer mechanism including a settable, normally operative transmission element adapted upon registering movement of a lower order register unit to effect a tens transfer of opposite sign to the next adjacent higher order unit, a transfer controlling element carried by said lower order register unit, and a lever operable by the controlling element to set the transmission element to inoperative position.

2. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, means for registering values thereon, and drive means for the registering means; tens transfer mechanism including a settable, normally operative transmission element adapted to effect a tens transfer of opposite sign to said values, a

, transfer controlling pin carried by a lower order trolling element to set the transmission element to a given position, and means for inverting the operative and inoperative effect of the transmission element in its relative set positions.

4. In a calculating machine having a multiple unit totalizing register; tens transfer mechanism including reversing gearing, a transmission element settable to normally operative or normally inoperative position, a transfer controlling element carried by a lower order register unit, a lever operable by the controlling element to set the transmission element to a given position, means for inverting the operative and inoperative effect of the transmission element in its relative set positions, and a change lever controlling the reversing gearing and the inverting means.

5. In a calculating machine having a multiple unit totalizing register, digit selecting mechanism, and means for registering selected digit values; tens transfer mechanism including a transmission element settable to normally operative or normally inoperative position, a transfer controlling element carried by a lower order registenunit, a lever operable by the controlling element to set the transmission element to a given position, means for inverting the operative and inoperative effect of the transmission element in its relative set positions, and means adjustable by the digit selecting mechanism to control the invertin means.

6. In a calculating machine having a multiple unit totalizing register, digit selecting mechanism and means for registering selected digit values; tens transfer mechanism including reversing gearing, a transmission element settable to normally operative and normally inoperative position, a transfer controlling element carried by a lower order register unit, a lever operable by the controlling element to set the transmission element to a given position, means for inverting the operative and inoperative eflect of the transmission element in its relative set positions, and a change lever controlling the reversing gearing and cooperating with the digit selecting mechanism to control the inverting means.

"7. In a calculating machine having numeral or normally inoperative position, a transfer controlling element carried by a lower order numeral wheel, a lever operable by the controlling element to set the transmission element to a given position, and means settable by the selector buttons in setting the actuators to registering position to invert the operative and inoperative effect of the transmission element in its relative set positions.

8. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels and transmission gears for said wheels,

the combination with adjustable digit indicating a selector buttons and differential actuators, having forwardly rotatable one-way driving connection with said transmission gears and each settable to register upon said wheels a value cor--v responding to or alternatively complemental to that indicated by its adjusted button; of tens transfer mechanism including reversing gearing having driving connection with said transmission gears, and means for setting the reversing gear-v ing in accordance with the alternative setting of said actuators. v

9. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit indicatin'g selector buttons and differential actuators each settable to register upon said wheels a value digitally complemental to that indicated by its adjusted button; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels including settable transmission elements normally adjusted to effect a tens transfer of opposite sign to said value, and elements each operable as the related numeral wheel moves through 9 registering position to set the next higher order transmission element to ineffective position.

10. In a'calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit indicating selector buttons and differential actuators each settable to register upon said wheels a value corresponding or alternatively digitally complemental to that indicated by its adjusted button; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels, including drive elements each adjustable from normal position by movement of the related wheel through 9 registering position and elements settable to effect registration upon the higher order wheels in cooperation with the drive elements which lie in adjusted position or alternatively with the drive elements which lie in normal position, and means for resetting the drive elements to normal position.

11. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit indicating selector buttons and differential actuators settable to register upon said wheels values corresponding or alternatively complemental to those indicated by the adjusted buttons; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels, including each a drive shaft, a drive element slidably mounted thereon, a lever operable by movement of the related numeral wheel through 9 registering position to adjust the drive element along its shaft from normal position, a second shaft, and a pinion slidably mounted. thereon, bars operable to set the pinions along their shafts to effect registration upon the higher .order wheels in cooperation with the drive elements which lie in adjusted position or alternatively with the drive elements which lie in normal position, and means for resetting the drive elements to normal position;

12. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit indicating selector butt ns, differential actuators settable to register upon said wheels values corresponding or alternatively complemental to those indicated by the adjusted buttons, and a change lever operable to set said actuator to either alternative registering position; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels; including drive elements each adjustable from normal position by movement of the related wheel through 9 registering position, and cooperating settable elements, connections between the change lever and the cooperating elements operable to set said elements to efiect registration upon the higher order wheels in cooperation with the drive elements which lie in adjusted position or alternatively with the drive elements which lie in normal position, and means for resetting the drive elements to normal position.

v 13. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit indicating selector buttons and diflerential actuators settable toregister upon said wheels values corresponding or alternatively complemental to those indicated by the adjusted buttons; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels,

' including drive elements each adjustable from normal position by movement of the related wheel through 9 registering position, and cooperating settable elements, connections between the selector buttons and the cooperating elements operable to set such elements to effect registration upon the higher order wheels in cooperation with the drive elements which lie in adjusted position or alternatively with the drive elements which lie in normal position, and means for resetting the drive elements to normal position.

14. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit indicating selector slides and differential actuators settable to register upon said wheels values corresponding or alternatively complemental to those indicated by the adjusted buttons; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels, including drive elements each adjustable from normal position by movement of the related wheel through 9 registering position, and cooperating settable elements, bars provided with cam faces lying in the path of movement of the selector slides and operable thereby to set the cooperating transfer elements to effect registration upon the higher order, wheels in cooperation with the drive elements which lie in adjusted position or alternatively with the drive elements which lie in normal position, and means for resetting the drive elements to normal position. I

15. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit indicating selector buttons, differential actuators settable from non-registering position to register upon said wheels values corresponding or alternatively complemental to those indicated by the adjusted buttons,,.and a change lever operable to set said actuators to either alternative registering position; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels, including drive elements each adjustable from normal position by movement of the related wheel through 9 registering position, and cooperating settable elements, bars omrable by the selector buttons in setting the diiferential actuators from non-registering to registering position and cooperating with the change lever to set the cooperating transfer elements to effect registration upon the higher order wheels in cooperation with the drive elements which lie in adjusted position or alternatively with the drive elements which lie in normal position, and means for resetting the drive elements to normal position.

16. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit indicating selector buttons, differential actuators settable to register upon said wheels values corresponding or alternatively complemental to those indicated by the adjusted buttons, a prime mover and a constant oneway drive connection between the prime mover and said actuators; of reversely rotatable tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels, including drive'elements each adjustable from normal position by movement of the related wheel through 9 registering position and elements settable to effect registration upon the higher order wheels in cooperation with the drive elements which lie in effective position, driving means operable to register the tens by a relative reverse movement of the wheels, and levers each operable by forward movement of the related numeral wheel through 9 registering position and adapted thereupon to set a drive element to ineffective position and operable by a succeeding reverse movement of such wheel through 9 registering position and adapted thereupon to retract the drive element.

18. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with differential actuators operable to register selected values complementally by forward movement of said wheels; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels, including drive elements settable to ineffective position, driving means operable to register the tens by a relative reverse movement of the wheels, levers each movable from normal position by forward movement of the related numeral wheel through 9 registering position and adapted thereupon to set a drive element to ineffective position and movable to normal position by a succeeding reverse movement of such wheel through 9 registering position and adapted thereupon to retract the drive element, and secondary means for returning the levers to normal position.

19. In a calculating machine having a multiple unit totalizing register, digit selecting mechanism, registering mechanism cooperating with,

the selecting mechanism to convert certain digits into complemental values and including reversing gearing controlled by said selecting mechanism; tens transfer mechanism including a transmission element settable to normally operative or normally inoperative position, a transfer controlling element carried by a lower order register unit, a lever operable by the controlling element to set the transmission element to a given posi- 40 tion, and means adjustable in unison with the digit conversion and reversal of the registering mechanism for inverting the operative and inoperative effect of the transmission element in its relative set positions.

20. In a calculating machine having numeral wheels, the combination with adjustable digit selecting buttons, differential actuators controlled by said buttons to transmit one of a series of successively increasing and decreasing digit values and including individual numeral wheel drive reversing gearing settable by said buttons; of tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels, including drive elements each adjustable by movement of the related wheel through 9% registering position, and elements settable by the selector buttons to effect registration upon the higher order wheels in cooperation with the adjusted or alternatively with the unadjusted drive elements, and means for resetting the drive elements to normal position.

21. In a calculating machine having nume"al wheels, the combination with adjustable digit selecting buttons and a series of differential actuators controlled by said buttons to transmit one of a series of successively increasing and decreasing digit values and including individual numeral wheel drive reversing gearing settable by said buttons; of reversely rotatable tens transfer connections between the numeral wheels, including drive elements each adjustable by movement of the related wheel through 9 registerw ling position, and elements settable by the selector buttons to effect registration upon the higher order wheels in cooperation with the adjusted or alternatively with the unadjusted drive elements, means for resetting the drive elements to normal position, and'means for reversing the registering effect of the series of differential actuators and of rotation of the tens transfer connections.

GEORGE CLINTON CHASE. 

